Fallacy that relies on arguing for a course of action or belief because it is commonly done or held. In this article, we list and briefly explain the most widely used logical fallacies. Taxonomy: Logical Fallacy > Formal Fallacy > Syllogistic Fallacy > Illicit Process > Illicit Major Sibling Fallacy: Illicit Minor Form: Any form of categorical syllogism in which the major term is distributed in the conclusion, but not in the major premiss. (Fixed Pie fallacy, Lump of Labour fallacy) In game theory, ‘zero-sum’ describes a game where one player’s gain is a loss to other players, i.e. 1. PanLinx. •Therefore, no pages are made of paper. Therefore, pages are not made of paper. Presumption: the reasoning fails because of an erroneous presumption embedded in the argument. Relevance: the reasoning fails because it depends on a factor that is in fact irrelevant to the question under consideration. 3. ... An argument that commits the ambiguous middle fallacy blurs the line between formal and informal (material) fallacies, however it is usually considered an informal fallacy because the argument's form appears valid. Fallacy that occurs when a speaker attacks another person rather than his or her argument. The fallacy of ambiguous minor. 45. b. in a sense different from the sense it is used as a subject in the conclusion as in the following syllogism: Men are not made of paper. Acknowledging fallacies is a valuable trait, but it takes research and self-analysis to develop this skill. 2. Regardless of the professional and personal context, being familiar with logical fallacies can have an impact on your logic and decision-making. In this argument, the minor term ‘page’ has been used in two different senses. Fallacies in Language 46. Minor premise: A ham sandwich is better than nothing. A logical fallacy often occurs when this zero-sum property is falsely assumed. G. The Fallacy of the Illicit Minor occurs when the minor term is undistributed in the premiss but is … Therefore, no pages are made of paper. Example: •No animal is made of paper. False dilemma. Ad hominem. Pages are men. Fallacy that occurs when a speaker presents an audience only two options and argues they must choose one or the other. the total amount of the available money or playing chips is fixed. Ambiguity: the reasoning fails because of at least one crucial ambiguity, either in the premises or in the conclusion. •All pages are animals. Fallacy of Amphiboly It arisesfrom theambiguoususe not of asingleword but of aphrase or of acompletesentence. català: cat-000: Fall: dansk: dan-000: Fall: Deutsch: deu-000: Fall: English: eng-000: Fall: Esperanto It consists in using the minor term (al-hadd al-asghar, q.v.) in the minor premise (al-muqaddamat al-sughra, q.v.) Since this fallacious reasoning involves the minor term in the syllogism, the fallacy committed there is termed the Illicit Process of the Minor Term or Illicit Minor, for short. For example, No man is made of paper. See also . 3. Illicit Minor: the subject of the conclusion talks about all of something, but the premises only mention some cases of the term in the subject; Fallacy of Exclusive Premises: a syllogism has two negative premises; Fallacy of Drawing an Affirmative Conclusion From a Negative Premise: as the name implies Similarly, when the minor term is used ambiguously, we commit the fallacy of ambiguous minor. Logical fallacy; Syllogism; External links . Fallacy of Ambiguous Minor: when theminor term isused in two different senses. All pages are men. The fallacy is a combination of equivocation and a four-term fallacy and is a fallacy of ambiguity.