Pedro de Alvarado y Contreras, also known as Don Pedro de Alvarado, was a Spanish conquistador, known for his skill as a soldier and cruelty to native populations. Pedro de Alvarado was born in 1485 in the town of Badajoz, Extremadura, to Gómez de Alvarado and Leonor de Contreras. In May of 1520, Hernan Cortes was forced to leave Tenochtitlan to go to the coast and battle a conquistador army led by Panfilo de Narvaez sent to rein him in. During 17 days of bloody battles many natives and Spaniard men died, including the native Atlacatl. Alvarado's inhumanity to native populations is depicted in v… His left thigh was badly injured, leaving him almost disabled. His actions led to the death of Montezuma. Pedro de Alvarado (1485-1541) was a Spanish conquistador who participated in the Conquest of the Aztecs in Central Mexico in 1519 and led the Conquest of the Maya in 1523. POPULAR FACT LIST. During his time there, he was accidentally trampled by a horse. He is considered an intruder who subjugated the independent highland Maya tribes out of greed and cruelty. He took part in the Invasions of the Aztecs, Maya and Inca. He also took part in the conquest of the Maya civilizations of Central America and the Inca of Peru. "Ten Facts About Pedro de Alvarado." In mid-1519, the Spanish were on their way to Tenochtitlan when they decided to go through the territory ruled by the fiercely independent Tlaxcalans. During the conquest of the K'iche culture in Guatemala in 1524, Alvarado was opposed by the great warrior-king Tecun Uman. Pedro de Alvarado (1485-1541) was a Spanish conquistador and one of Hernan Cortes' top lieutenants during the conquest of the Aztec Empire (1519-1521). https://www.thoughtco.com/facts-about-pedro-de-alvarado-2136510 (accessed February 13, 2021). Interesting Facts About Guatemala You Make Touch. As a nobleman, he served in the council of King Manuel I and received the habit of the Order of Christ. Benalcazar won, and when Alvarado showed up in August of 1534, he accepted a payoff and left his men with Benalcazar and the forces loyal to Francisco Pizarro. He claimed most of the glory for himself, despite the fact that he was not the leader of the mission. Sometime around the year 1510, Alvarado went to Santo Domingo, Hispaniola. Pedro de Alvarado was born in Spain the same year that Hernán Cortés was born. The civil war that lasted from 1980 to 1992 left more than 75,000 dead. He is a character in Lorenzo Ferrero’s opera La Conquista and in Jorge Luis Borges’ story “La Escritura del Dios”. … After Cortés kidnapped the Aztec king, he went to deal with the Spaniards on the coast and left Alvarado in charge of the city Tenochtitlán. In 1527, Alvarado became governor of Guatemala, assigned by King Charles V. He also received the military title of Adelantado. Cortes said that he was married but gave the girl to Alvarado, his top lieutenant. Luis de Moscoso Alvarado was born in Badajoz, Spain, to Alonso Hernández Diosdado Mosquera de Moscoso and Isabel de Alvarado. Pedro de Alvarado, another conquistador, was known for a daring leap he made across a canal while escaping the Aztecs who were attacking him. He is a former head writer at VIVA Travel Guides. Of the companions of Cortez, and among the superior officers of his army, Pedro de Alvarado became the most famous in history. He left Alvarado in charge in Tenochtitlan with about 160 Europeans. Today, nearly 59% of the population of Guatemala consists of a group known as Ladino or also known as Mestizo. He passed away from the injuries on July 4, 1541. She was promptly baptized as Doña Maria Luisa and she eventually bore three children to Alvarado, although they never formally married. According to one study, El Salvador is the fourth happiest country in the world tied with the United States and Finland. He was buried at the Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala cathedral. Hernan Cortes relied greatly on Pedro de Alvarado. Pedro de Alvarado has the distinction of … Legions of Tlaxcalan warriors would greatly aid the Spanish in their war of conquest. As one of the more infamous conquistadors, there are many legends about Alvarado which have gotten mixed in with the facts. In 1536, he started sending soldiers and workers to Honduras. He then started operating his own hacienda in the newly established Cuban colony. Pedro was born circa 1870, in Ahualulco de … The cement the alliance, Tlaxcalan chief Xicotencatl gave Cortes one of his daughters, Tecuelhuatzin. The Cuzco regidores, pressed, ended by acknowledging him Governor. Born on the family estate in Belmonte, Pedro Álvares Cabral grew up close to the Portuguese court. Although this attacked the end Almagro lifted the siege, and soon after entered the city. ... Factinate is a fact website that is dedicated to finding and sharing fun facts about science, history, animals, films, people, and much more. Pedro de Alvarado. He also had a son named Gomez and a daughter named Anita with two other women he was involved with. However, Spanish is their official language. ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. It's easy to see when you compare Alvarado with his old opponent, Tecun Uman: Tecun Uman is the official National Hero of Guatemala, whereas Alvarado's bones rest in a rarely visited crypt in the Antigua cathedral. One of the Spanish leaders in the discovery and conquest of America, born at Badajoz about 1495. The Massacre in the Great Temple took place in June 1520. She passed away shortly after they got married. Local time in Ciudad Pedro de Alvarado is now 10:48 PM (Saturday).The local timezone is named "America / Guatemala" with an UTC offset of -6 hours. Later that year, he took part in the conquest of El Salvador. De Moscoso had two brothers, Juan de Alvarado and Cristóbal de Mosquera. FOLLOW US. In 1511, he joined the conquest of Cuba. Quso do recognize their rights over the City Council unsuccessfully, and then made prisoner Hernando and Gonzalo Pizarro (April, 1537). He had no children with either one of his wives. Alvarado went to the region of Mexico to help the Spanish during the Mixton War. The natives were fascinated by Alvarado's appearance and nicknamed him "Tonatiuh," which was the name given to the Aztec Sun God. Biography of Pedro de Alvarado, Conquistador, Important Events in the Conquest of the Aztec Empire, 8 Important Figures in the Conquest of the Aztec Empire, The Mayan Conquest of the K'iche by Pedro de Alvarado, 10 Facts About the Conquest of the Inca Empire, Timeline of Hernan Cortes' Conquest of the Aztecs, 10 Notable Spanish Conquistadors Throughout History, He took part in the Invasions of the Aztecs, Maya and Inca, He Supposedly Killed Tecun Uman in Single Combat. One of the most shocking facts about El Salvador is that it is one of only four countries in the world where abortion is illegal under all circumstances, even if the woman is raped. They had sons named Pedro and Diego and a daughter named Leonor. Pedro de Alvarado was a Spanish conqueror and explorer who served as governor of Guatemala. In 1524 Alvarado became governor and captain-general of Guatemala, and formed settlements on the coast of Honduras. Pedro de Alvarado (1485-1541) was a Spanish conquistador who participated in the Conquest of the Aztecs in Central Mexico in 1519 and led the Conquest of the Maya in 1523. He had two brothers in the Soto expedition, another Juan de Alvarado and Cristóbal de Mosquera. A decade later, he married her sister, Beatriz de la Cueva. Pedro de Alvarado, (born c. 1485, Badajoz, Castile [Spain]—died 1541, in or near Guadalajara, New Spain [now in Mexico]), Spanish conquistador who helped conquer Mexico and Central America for Spain in the 16th century. There are 21 Mayan languages (a language family spoken in Mesoamerica and northern Central America by at least 6 million Maya peoples) spoken in Guatemala. Peru sought to win favor with the rebel inca, who had besieged Cuzco. The Spanish, who ruled over Guatemala until 1821, essentially enslaved the indigenous people of the area and forced them to work on their own land for the benefit of the colonialists. Although he is best remembered for his participation in Cortes' expedition of conquest, Alvarado actually set foot on the mainland long before most of his companions. His parents were Leonor de Contreras and Gomez de Alvarado. INTERESTING FACTS ON EL SALVADOR !!! Between 1523 and 1524, Spanish explorer Pedro de Alvarado defeated the indigenous Maya and turned Guatemala into a Spanish colony. Hundreds of Spaniards died on what the Spanish remember as the "Night of Sorrows." Alvarado is mentioned in Lew Wallace’s novel The Fair God and in C. S. Forester’s novel The Happy Return. His hair and beard were red, which reminded them of their sun-god (often painted red) Tōnatiuh. Wikimedia Commons. A nephew of the noted conquistador Pedro de Alvarado, Moscoso married his first cousin, Leonor de Alvarado, the daughter of Pedro de Alvarado's brother Juan and the widow of Gil González de Ávila. A nephew of the noted conquistador Pedro de Alvarado, Moscoso married his first cousin, Leonor de Alvarado, the daughter of Pedro de Alvarado's brother Juan and the widow of Gil González de Ávila. On May 20, he ordered his conquistadors to attack the thousands of unarmed nobles attending the Festival of Toxcatl: countless civilians were slaughtered. A decade later, he married her sister, Beatriz de la Cueva. Christopher Minster, Ph.D., is a professor at the ​Universidad San Francisco de Quito in Ecuador. Minster, Christopher. He went to Hispaniola (1510), sailed in the expedition (1518) of Juan de Grijalva, and was the chief lieutenant of Hernán Cortés in the conquest of Mexico. These costumes and masks are traditional and go back many years. After fighting each other for two weeks, the two sides made peace and became allies. Little is known of Moscoso's early career. ThoughtCo. Following the Spanish conquest in the early 16 th century, the lengthy name that conquistador Pedro de Alvarado came up with for this newly-conquered land was “Provincia De Nuestro Señor Jesus Cristo, El Salvador Del Mundo.” From the Catholic Encyclopedia. Alvarado accompanied Hernán Cortés in the conquest of Mexico (1519–21). In 1527, he married the Spanish noblewoman Francisca de la Cueva. It was founded on June 18, 1524 by the conquistador Pedro de Alvarado. When he heard of the magnificent wealth of the Inca of Peru, he wanted to get in on that, too. According to popular legend, Alvarado made a great leap over one of the holes in the Tacuba causeway in order to escape: this became known as "Alvarado's Leap." On the night of June 30, the invaders tried to creep out of the city in the dead of night, but they were spotted. Pedro de Alvarado has the distinction of being the only major conquistador to take part in the conquests of the Aztecs, Maya, and Inca. In 1519, he took part in the siege of Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec Empire. On the night of June 30, 1520, the Spanish decided that they needed to get out of the city of Tenochtitlan. Emperor Montezuma was dead and the people of the city, still seething over the Temple Massacre barely a month before, had laid siege to the Spanish in their fortified palace. In 1519, Alvarado began a long-term relationship with the Nahua noblewoman Luisa de Tlaxcala. Many of the men of Pedro de Alvarado, close to the city, went to the almagrista side and the own Alvarado was attacked in Abancay (to the West of C… The Spanish led by Pedro de Alvarado met determined opposition from the Pipils, before they permanently established a colony in 1540. The law is applied mercilessly at times with instances of women who have had a miscarriage or a stillbirth being charged with murder or attempted murder. When Cortes left to fight Panfilo de Narvaez and his army on the coast, he left Alvarado in charge, although he was angry at his lieutenant for the subsequent Temple Massacre. By using ThoughtCo, you accept our, Painting by Desiderio Hernández Xochitiotzin, Tlaxcala Town Hall, His Nickname came from the God of the Sun, He participated in the Juan de Grijalva Expedition, Painting by Desiderio Hernández Xochitiotzin, He has become part of Guatemalan folklore. In 1527, he married the Spanish noblewoman Francisca de la Cueva. According to popular legend in Guatemala, the K'iche chieftain bravely met Alvarado in personal combat. The K'iche Maya had never seen horses before, and Tecun Uman did not know that the horse and rider were separate beings. Alvarado, Pedro de (1485–1541) Spanish conquistador. No conquistador dance is complete without a Pedro de Alvarado: a dancer dressed in impossibly dazzling clothes and wearing a wooden mask of a white-skinned, fair-haired man. Today, traveling through El Salvador is quite safe and peaceful. His family was quite wealthy and prominent. He also had a son named Gomez and a daughter named Anita with two other women he was involved with. What is the truth about Pedro de Alvarado? Minster, Christopher. A native of Badajóz, son of the commander of Lobon, he was made a Knight of the Order of Santiago in reward for his exploits in Mexico and Central America. pedro alvarado villaseñor was born on month day 1897, at birth place, to Pedro Alvarado and Petra Villaseñor de Alvarado (born Villaseñor Arreola). 4. Pedro Álvares Cabral (c. 1467-1520) was a Portuguese navigator who discovered Brazil on a voyage to India. Pedro had a twin sister, four full-blood brothers, and an illegitimate half-brother. Pedro de Alvarado y Contreras (Badajoz, Extremadura, Corona castellana, 1485 - Guadalajara, Virreinato de Nueva España, Imperio español, 4 de julio de 1541) fue un adelantado y conquistador español que participó en la conquista de Cuba, en la exploración por Juan de Grijalva del golfo de México y de las costas de Yucatán, y en la conquista del Imperio azteca dirigida por Hernán Cortés. He had no children with either one of his wives. Little is known of Moscoso's early career. Minster, Christopher. He was his top lieutenant for most of the Conquest of the Aztecs. He had thousands of soldiers under his command. He was handsome, and presented an affable … Hearing rumors from credible sources that the Aztecs were going to rise up and destroy them, Alvarado ordered a pre-emptive attack. He requested his old position back, but the king gave it to someone else. He became famous for his extreme brutality. In 1536 Pedro de Alvarado, governor of Guatemala, reached a decision to build a large fleet of ships which would be capable of exploring the vast remoteness of the South Sea, as the Pacific was known at that time. His uncle was the Spanish conquistador Pedro de Alvarado, who had excelled in the conquests of Mexico and Central America. In 1524, Alvarado led the conquest of Guatemala. The Temple Massacre was the biggest reason the Spanish were forced to flee the city less than two months later. Pedro de Alvarado y Contreras was born in 1485 in the city of Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain. He held a command in the expedition sent from Cuba against Yucatan in the spring of 1518, and returned in a few months, bearing reports of the wealth and splendour of Montezuma 's empire. (Source: BBC News) 5. After serving in Cortes' Aztec campaign from 1519 to 1521, he led a force of conquistadors south into the Maya lands in 1524 and defeated the various city-states. He slew the horse only to discover that the rider survived: Alvarado then slew him with his lance. Not much is known about his childhood and early life experiences though there is no doubt that he grew up to be an adventurous young man. Pedro de Alvarado y Contreras (Badajoz, Spain, 1485 – Guadalajara, Mexico, 4 July 1541) was a Spanish conquistador and governor of Guatemala. ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020, thoughtco.com/facts-about-pedro-de-alvarado-2136510. In 1524, after living in Cuzcatlan for centuries, Pedro de Alvarado invaded El Salvador. Pedro de Alvarado, who Cortes had left in charge of Tenochtitlan, learned of a plot against the Spanish. Of the companions of Cortez, and among the superior officers of his army, Pedro de Alvarado became the most famous in history. Pedro de Alvarado was sent out by Hernán Cortés with 120 horsemen, 300 footsoldiers and several hundred Cholula and Tlaxcala auxiliaries; he was engaged in the conquest of the highlands of Guatemala from 1523 to 1527. Pedro de Alvarado. Much like Hernan Cortes in Mexico, modern Guatemalans do not think highly of Pedro de Alvarado. (2020, August 27). Alvarado, Pedro de pā´ᵺrō dā älvärä´ᵺō , 1486–1541, Spanish conquistador. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/facts-about-pedro-de-alvarado-2136510. In 1519,Alvarado began a long-term relationship with the Nahua noblewoman Luisa de Tlaxcala. A native of Badajóz, son of the commander of Lobon, he was made a Knight of the Order of Santiago in reward for his exploits in Mexico and Central America. In many towns around Guatemala, as part of indigenous festivals, there is a popular dance called the "Dance of the Conquistadors." Although the legend is popular in Guatemala, there is no conclusive historical proof that the two men ever met in single combat. In June of 1524, Pedro de Alvarado began a war of conquest against Cuzcatlán (Land of beautiful things) that was populated by native tribes of the country. She passed away shortly after they got married. It probably didn't happen, however: Alvarado always denied it and there is no historical evidence to support it. This country later became a republic in 1839 after the Central American Provincial Union was dissolved. After going to Hispañola in 1510, Alvarado was actually one of the men who attacked Mexico with Cortés. The ambitious Alvarado was constantly at odds with Grijalva, because Grijalva wanted to explore and make friends with the natives and Alvarado wanted to establish a settlement and begin the business of conquering and pillaging. … At first, Alvarado allied himself with the Kakchiquel nation in his conquest of their traditional rivals, the Quiché nation, but his cruelties alienated the Kakchiquel, and he needed several years to stamp out resistance in the region. ... Out of the 20 volcanoes located in El Salvador, only 5 of them are still active. He had a twin sister named Sara and brothers named Gomez, Juan, Gonzalo, and Jorge. Pedro de Alvarado was fair-skinned with blond hair and beard: this distinguished him not only from the natives of the New World but also from the majority of his Spanish colleagues. His body was buried at a local church in a village near Guadalajara, New Spain. Tecun Uman's spirit then grew wings and flew away. He had two brothers in the Soto expedition, another Juan de Alvarado and Cristóbal de Mosquera. Pedro de Alvarado was flamboyant and charismatic, and was both a brilliant military commander and a cruel, hardened man. He commanded one of the four ships in the fleet. Pedro Álvares Cabral. They had sons named Pedro and Diego and a daughter named Leonor. He participated in the conquest of Cuba, in Juan de Grijalva's exploration of the coasts of the Yucatán Peninsula and the Gulf of Mexico, and in the conquest of Mexico led by Hernán Cortés. No#1: Languages. As Alvarado and his men approached the K'iche homeland, Tecun Uman attacked with a large army. Guatemala, which was previously inhabited by Mayan tribes, was then conquered by Pedro de Alvarado of Spain in 1524. When arriving in El Salvador in 1524 conquistador Pedro de Alvarado named the new Spanish province for Jesus Christ “Provincia De Nuestro Señor Jesus Cristo, El Salvador Del Mundo” (engl: ”Province of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the World”), which was later abbreviated to El Salvador. The Spaniards were the first among the Europeans to set foot on what is now the territory of El Salvador. He decided to decline that position. Ten Facts About Pedro de Alvarado. His ability to fight was greatly diminished. "Ten Facts About Pedro de Alvarado." Alvarado was a captain on Juan de Grijalva's 1518 expedition which explored the Yucatan and the Gulf Coast. In 1532, he received the title of Governor of the Province of Honduras. In 1518, he joined the conquest of the Yucatan Peninsula. He landed in Peru with his troops and raced against a conquistador army led by Sebastian de Benalcazar to be the first ones to sack the city of Quito. To prevent it, he planned a preemptive strike against the Aztecs, to take place during a religious festival. Four decades later, his daughter Leonor arranged for his remains to be returned to Guatemala.
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