Basic services are not accessible – 1. I analysed my data using frequency count and percentages which to me shows more clarity. 41 0.1496 Starting with a value of 0 would be more intuitive, but involves unnecessary work… either way, make sure you explain what you did in the methods section, and maybe add some reminders when you are describing the results. You can do this by grouping your items into one or more multi-item scales (assuming they are cohesive enough) and running a t-test. The bold face sets are the most popular. Good luck with your project. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. they were measured on 1 to 6-point scale. It is the nature of the peer-review process that the people who review academic articles can make intelligent substantive judgements on the findings, but might not always have the requisite background to comment on the research process (or visa versa) . You will probably find it harder to find a reference about calculating the mean for likert scales in particular, because it is considered by many statisticians to be a poor practice. You can calculate a median value, following instructions found elsewhere in this blog. thank you and more power. Very well written. About this post: This post was originally written in 2013 for my blog (www.achilleaskostoulas.com). I’m doing this experiment on liking and I used likert scale to gather data. The 2.5 median seems to suggest a balanced set of opinions. The items for KM are constructed using Likert Scale: I have learnt so much from reading all your comments. If you treat the data as nominal, the only measure of central tendency you can use is the mode (i.e., you can only report which answer is the most common). 1 – strongly disagree; 2 – disagree; 3 – neither agree nor disagree; 4 – agree; 5 – strongly agree. In such a case, these measures would give you a more refined picture of your data, compared to modes and IQRs. You can use the mean in these cases. That number is your median. I used the Likert Scale method to formulate the questions. Introduction to structural equation modelling using SPSS and AMOS. Thank u in advance and more power! Hi! I feel like your the correct person to ask this. 2. Thanks for the advice. how should I use the 8-point Likert scale to compute the results of my questionnaire taken from Mohammadi’s research? Does this 7-point scale pass the theoretical test of interval-level statistical analysis? Sure, you can use 0 to code missing data, as long as you make sure you don’t accidentally use it in your calculations. thanks :). Hi! Does anyone know what kind of statistical analysis I should use in order to determine whether there is an association or not? In this case, your analysis options are more limited: you can only use frequency counts and the mode as a measure of central tendency. When I did that by using average, I get results like 2.2, 3.6, 4.21 etc.., moreover descriptive results of such sub category does not give results against 1-7 point satisfaction scale. Thanks for your prompt response, however based on your submission, theoretically speaking it is better to stick to the rules of analysing ordinal data. That’s unfortunate, as it means that the scale items do not really measure the same thing. You can find instructions on how to do this here. These scales are called ‘nominal’ or ‘categorical’. Specifically this is the statement of my research Thank you for a useful and informative post (which I’ve just discovered) – though I disagree with your strong view of Likert scales always eliciting ordinal data. I ‘m sorry for the rapid fire questions. However, you probably need to run a Cronbach alpha test to make sure that the scale is internally consistent, i.e. What you have is a rating scale that measures the likelihood of something happening. No worries! The problem with both methods that you’re proposing is that you are making a somewhat bold assumption about the data. If you think they can, do so at your own risk. Thank you. I have trouble making people believed that what they did in using average or weighted average for likert scale is not appropriate. I would like to ask you a question about my data. You are absolutely amazing you have already saved so much of my time with some of your answers already. Dr Kostoulas, thank you very much! Thanks for your kind words, they are really appreciated. Estimating the central tendency (median) and dispersion (interquartile range) is a good start. 1- strongly disagree, im grouping these statements according to 4 hypotheses. I have created an Excel spreadsheet to automatically calculate split-half reliability with Spearman-Brown adjustment, KR-20, KR-21, and Cronbach's alpha. Is there a connection between mean and the bar graph percentage and can I link the two? All rights reserved. It is your research questions, not the data, that drive the methods. If you’re just doing descriptives, it should be ok. I have divided my participants into two groups: the low user group and the high user group. Thanks Giovanni, that’s very kind! I have 3 independent variables in total, […], I conducted individual bar graphs and I found for [one] question […] that majority no of participants opted for ‘Disagree’ (I have 5 Likert scales from Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree), of 38% where as in the mean it shows 3.19 percent. None. The final score can have a value between 0 and 15. Mr. Achilleas Kostoulas explains is in more details in his blog. 3-moderately like I am sorry, I do not provide AMOS tutorials in this space. What statistical analysis should I use for this data? 1 1.00 – 1.79 Needs Improvement, Frequency % If you follow the links to the posts provided, I believe you will find the information you need. Using similar scales with similar structures is not really necessary, but it will probably make your life easier. Inserting the median value for each item (the item median) is one option. No values are above 5 or below 1. i cinduct my research work in the topic of corporate social responsibility of the hotels. The scale you are describing is not a Likert Scale. So how to analyse this set of data? I’d hesitate to answer without more context. Instead, I would to find sources for things like how to use Cronbach's alpha effectively and how to do the most straightforward kind of Factor Analyses (almost certainly Exploratory rather than Confirmatory). In addition, there are limits to the time one can reasonably spend providing unpaid service to the profession, and these often preclude reading up on research methodology every time one comes across a novel research design. Achilleas Kostoulas is an applied linguist and language teacher educator. With Solution Essays, you can get high-quality essays at a lower price.